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Drill Library

Filter 40+ coach-tested drills by skill and level — setup, steps, cues and progressions.

Coach-tested tennis drills for every stroke and level — search, filter by skill or level, and open any drill for setup, step-by-step instructions, coaching cues, common mistakes and progressions.

ForehandAll Levels

Crosscourt Consistency Rally

Build reliable crosscourt depth and margin from the baseline.

  • Players2
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 4 cones or throw-down lines
How to run this drill

Setup: Both players on the deuce-side baseline. Mark a target zone with cones between the service line and baseline, two to three feet inside the sideline.

  1. Start the rally with a drop feed crosscourt.
  2. Rally forehand to forehand crosscourt only.
  3. Count consecutive balls that land past the service line.
  4. After 10 minutes, switch to the ad side for backhands.

Coaching cues

  • Three to six feet over the net
  • Recover a step toward center after every shot
  • Split step on your partner's contact

Common mistakes

  • Aiming at the lines instead of the zone
  • Standing still after hitting

Progression: Set a team goal of 20 in a row, then require every ball to land in the target zone.

Coach's note: Most club points are decided by errors. Rewarding the count, not the pace, changes how players think about rallying.

Open printable drill page →

ForehandBeginner

Dead-Ball Forehand Feeds

Groove the unit turn, contact in front and a full finish without the pressure of a live rally.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Coach or partner stands beside the net post (or at the service line) and hand-tosses or racquet-feeds slow, waist-high balls to the player's forehand.

  1. Player starts in the ready position at the center mark.
  2. Feeder sends one ball at a time with a gentle bounce.
  3. Player turns, hits crosscourt and recovers to the center mark.
  4. Feed the next ball only when the player has recovered.

Coaching cues

  • Turn as soon as the ball leaves the hand
  • Hit in front of the front hip
  • Catch the racquet at the finish

Common mistakes

  • Taking the racquet back late
  • Arm-only swing with no shoulder rotation

Progression: Feed alternately to a crosscourt and a down-the-line target, then add movement by feeding wider.

Coach's note: Dead-ball feeds are the fastest way to build reps. Keep the feeds consistent so the player can focus on one cue at a time.

Open printable drill page →

ForehandAdvanced

Inside-Out Forehand Pattern

Train running around the backhand to hit an inside-out forehand into the opponent's backhand corner.

  • Players2
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 2 cones
How to run this drill

Setup: Feeder at the opposite baseline center. Place a cone in the ad-court corner of the feeder's side as the target.

  1. Feeder hits a ball to the player's backhand side, around the center of the court.
  2. Player uses quick side steps to run around the ball.
  3. Player hits an inside-out forehand to the target cone.
  4. Player recovers quickly, as the open court is now the deuce side.

Coaching cues

  • Move around the ball early with small steps
  • Open stance to hit and recover
  • Contact further out in front to swing inside-out

Common mistakes

  • Running too close to the ball and getting jammed
  • Not recovering, leaving the forehand corner open

Progression: After the inside-out ball, feeder sends a ball to the forehand corner; player must recover and hit inside-in down the line.

Coach's note: Run-around forehands are a big commitment. Only use them when you can recover in time.

Open printable drill page →

ForehandIntermediate

Heavy Ball Height Rally

Develop a high, heavy topspin forehand that lands deep.

  • Players2
  • Time12 min
  • EquipmentRope or string stretched about 3 ft above the net (optional), basket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Optional: stretch a rope above the net between two poles. Players rally crosscourt from the baseline.

  1. Rally forehand crosscourt.
  2. Every ball must pass over the rope or a visualized height of 3 ft above the tape.
  3. Balls landing short of the service line lose a point.
  4. Play to 11, then switch sides.

Coaching cues

  • Low to high swing path
  • Brush up and through
  • Wrap the finish over the shoulder

Common mistakes

  • Flattening out under pressure
  • Opening the face, causing balls to fly long

Progression: Add a rule: after three heavy balls, the player may attack a short ball down the line.

Coach's note: Height and spin are the ingredients of safety. This drill shows players how much margin they really have.

Open printable drill page →

BackhandIntermediate

Top-Hand Backhand Builder

Strengthen the non-dominant hand that drives the two-handed backhand.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Feeder at the service line with a basket; player at the baseline on the ad side.

  1. Player chokes up and holds the racquet with only the top hand.
  2. Feeder sends slow balls to the backhand.
  3. Player hits 15 left-handed (for right-handers) forehand-style shots.
  4. Return to two hands and hit 15 more, feeling the top hand lead.

Coaching cues

  • Top hand leads
  • Low to high
  • Finish high over the shoulder

Common mistakes

  • Swinging too hard with one hand
  • Bending at the waist rather than knees

Progression: Live crosscourt rallying, two hands, focusing on the top-hand drive.

Coach's note: Many two-handers are really one-handers with a passenger. This drill makes the second hand work.

Open printable drill page →

BackhandAdvanced

Backhand Crosscourt to Down-the-Line

Learn when and how to change direction down the line with the backhand.

  • Players2
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 2 cones
How to run this drill

Setup: Players rally backhand to backhand crosscourt on the ad side.

  1. Rally crosscourt backhands.
  2. Either player may change direction down the line after four crosscourt shots.
  3. The point is then played out in the full singles court.
  4. Score points; first to 7.

Coaching cues

  • Only change direction on a balanced ball
  • Use crosscourt height; flatten down the line
  • Recover for the crosscourt reply after changing direction

Common mistakes

  • Changing direction from a defensive position
  • Not recovering after the line change

Progression: Require the down-the-line ball to land behind the service line to count.

Coach's note: Direction changes are about choosing the right ball, not just executing the shot.

Open printable drill page →

BackhandBeginner

One-Hander Shadow and Freeze

Build the shoulder turn and sideways finish of the one-handed backhand.

  • Players1
  • Time8 min
  • EquipmentRacquet, mirror or window reflection (optional)
How to run this drill

Setup: Stand sideways to a mirror or open space. No ball needed.

  1. Unit turn with the left hand on the throat.
  2. Swing in slow motion to contact point in front.
  3. Finish with arms spread and chest sideways.
  4. Hold the finish for two seconds. Repeat 20 times.

Coaching cues

  • Left hand guides the racquet back
  • Straight arm at contact
  • Squeeze the shoulder blades

Common mistakes

  • Turning the chest toward the net
  • Leading with the elbow

Progression: Add dead-ball feeds and hold the finish after each hit.

Coach's note: Shadow swings are free reps. A few minutes daily builds muscle memory faster than you'd expect.

Open printable drill page →

ServeAll Levels

Serve Target Practice With Cones

Develop serve accuracy to the three main targets: wide, body and T.

  • Players1
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 6 cones
How to run this drill

Setup: Place two cones in each service box: one at the T, one in the wide corner, plus a cone at the body position.

  1. Serve 10 balls to each target in the deuce court.
  2. Record hits within a racquet-length of each cone.
  3. Repeat in the ad court.
  4. Finish with 10 second serves to the backhand.

Coaching cues

  • Pick the target before the ritual
  • Same toss, change the contact
  • Hold your balance on landing

Common mistakes

  • Changing the toss for each target
  • Rushing between serves

Progression: Play 'call your serve': announce the target aloud before each serve, scoring 1 point per hit.

Coach's note: Serving practice without targets is just exercise. Targets turn it into skill-building.

Open printable drill page →

ServeIntermediate

Kneeling Serve for Pronation

Isolate the upper-body throwing motion and feel pronation.

  • Players1
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, towel or pad for the knee
How to run this drill

Setup: Kneel on the right knee (for right-handers) at the service line.

  1. Hold a continental grip.
  2. Toss slightly in front.
  3. Swing up and through, feeling the forearm rotate.
  4. Aim for the opposite service box.

Coaching cues

  • Reach up to the ball
  • Palm faces out after contact
  • Relaxed arm

Common mistakes

  • Using a forehand grip
  • Pushing instead of throwing

Progression: Stand at the service line, then move back to the baseline.

Coach's note: Removing the legs forces the arm to work efficiently. Add the legs back once the arm understands the motion.

Open printable drill page →

ServeAdvanced

Second-Serve Kick Ladder

Build a reliable kick second serve with net clearance and margin.

  • Players1
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, rope or string above the net (optional)
How to run this drill

Setup: Optional: string a rope about 3 ft above the tape. Serve from the baseline.

  1. Serve kick serves aiming over the rope.
  2. Count consecutive serves in.
  3. If you miss, start the count again.
  4. Goal: 10 in a row in each court.

Coaching cues

  • Toss above the head
  • Brush from 7 to 1 o'clock
  • Stay sideways longer

Common mistakes

  • Toss too far in front
  • Flattening out under pressure

Progression: Add a target: kick serves must land in the backhand half of the box.

Coach's note: Double faults come from flat second serves. This drill builds confidence in spin.

Open printable drill page →

ServeBeginner

Toss and Catch

Develop a consistent toss.

  • Players1
  • Time5 min
  • Equipment3-5 balls, racquet laid on the ground
How to run this drill

Setup: Stand in the serving stance. Lay the racquet on the ground in front of your front foot with the head pointing forward.

  1. Toss with a straight arm.
  2. Let the ball fall without hitting it.
  3. Check whether it lands on the strings.
  4. Repeat 20 times.

Coaching cues

  • Lift from the shoulder
  • Release around head height
  • Hold the arm up after release

Common mistakes

  • Flicking the wrist
  • Bending the elbow

Progression: Toss and swing in slow motion, letting the ball drop afterward.

Coach's note: A consistent toss solves many serve problems.

Open printable drill page →

ReturnIntermediate

Short-Swing Return Block

Learn to block a fast serve back deep with a compact swing.

  • Players2
  • Time12 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Server serves from the service line (to simulate pace and reduce reaction time). Returner at the baseline.

  1. Server hits medium-pace serves.
  2. Returner split steps and turns shoulders immediately.
  3. Return the ball deep down the middle.
  4. Rotate after 10 serves.

Coaching cues

  • Split on the server's contact
  • Turn the shoulders, not the arm
  • Firm wrist; push through the ball

Common mistakes

  • Taking a big backswing
  • Pulling the head up

Progression: Server moves back to the baseline and serves at full pace.

Coach's note: Most returners take too big a swing. The shoulder turn is the whole backswing on fast serves.

Open printable drill page →

ReturnAdvanced

Second-Serve Attack

Practice stepping in and attacking second serves.

  • Players2
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 2 cones
How to run this drill

Setup: Server serves second serves only. Returner starts a step inside the baseline.

  1. Server hits second serves.
  2. Returner steps in and attacks, targeting the server's backhand.
  3. Play out the point.
  4. Score: returner wins the point, 2 points; server wins, 1 point.

Coaching cues

  • Move forward on the toss
  • Take the ball on the rise
  • Commit to a target

Common mistakes

  • Overhitting
  • Standing too deep

Progression: Add a target zone; returns landing in it earn a bonus point.

Coach's note: Applying pressure on the second serve wins matches.

Open printable drill page →

ReturnBeginner

Deep Middle Return Game

Build a consistent, deep return that neutralizes the server.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 4 cones or throw-down lines
How to run this drill

Setup: Use cones to mark a target zone about 6 feet wide, centered on the center service line extension, between the service line and the baseline. Server serves at moderate pace from the baseline.

  1. Server hits 10 moderate serves to alternate boxes.
  2. Returner split steps on the server's contact and turns the shoulders early.
  3. Returner aims every ball high over the center of the net into the target zone.
  4. Score 1 point for any return in the court and 2 for a return in the zone, then rotate.

Coaching cues

  • Split as they hit
  • Short backswing, long follow-through
  • Aim the middle of the net, about 4 feet over

Common mistakes

  • Going for winners off the return
  • Swinging too hard and spraying the ball wide

Progression: Server increases pace and mixes in wide serves; the returner must still return to the middle zone.

Coach's note: Deep middle returns cut down the server's angles and often produce a neutral rally. It's the default return for any player below the advanced level.

Open printable drill page →

VolleyBeginner

Volley Catch

Teach the compact, in-front contact point of the volley before adding the racquet.

  • Players2
  • Time8 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, racquet
How to run this drill

Setup: Player stands in the ready position about 6 feet from the net without a racquet. Feeder stands at the opposite service line with a basket.

  1. Feeder underhand-tosses balls to the player's forehand side at chest height.
  2. Player steps forward with the opposite foot and catches the ball in front with the hitting hand, palm facing the feeder.
  3. Repeat to the backhand side, catching with the back of the hand facing the feeder (or simply blocking with the palm turned).
  4. Move to holding the racquet at the throat and 'catch' the ball on the strings, then gradually slide the hand down to the grip.

Coaching cues

  • Catch it in front of you
  • Step with the opposite foot
  • No backswing, ever

Common mistakes

  • Reaching back to catch beside the body
  • Stepping with the same-side foot

Progression: Feeder tosses lower balls so the player must bend the knees, keeping the hand (and later racquet head) above the wrist.

Coach's note: The catch is the volley in its simplest form. Players who catch in front volley in front.

Open printable drill page →

VolleyIntermediate

Back-to-the-Fence Volleys

Remove the backswing and train a compact punch volley.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, a back fence or curtain
How to run this drill

Setup: Player stands with their heels about a racquet-length from the back fence. Feeder stands 15-20 feet away with a basket and feeds firm balls by hand or racquet.

  1. Feeder sends balls alternately to forehand and backhand volleys at chest height.
  2. Player volleys back to the feeder with a short punch, never touching the fence with the racquet.
  3. After 20 balls, add low balls that require knee bend.
  4. Move to the net and repeat 20 balls, keeping the same short motion.

Coaching cues

  • Racquet head above the wrist
  • Punch, then freeze
  • Continental grip for both sides

Common mistakes

  • Swinging back and hitting the fence
  • Dropping the racquet head on low balls

Progression: Feeder speeds up and randomizes direction and height.

Coach's note: The fence gives instant feedback no coach can match: hit it and you know your backswing is too big.

Open printable drill page →

VolleyAdvanced

Figure-8 Volley Rally

Develop fast hands, directional control and quick recovery in volley exchanges.

  • Players2
  • Time12 min
  • EquipmentA few balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Both players stand at the net, about 6-8 feet back, in diagonally opposite service boxes. Player A volleys only crosscourt; player B volleys only down the line, creating a figure-8 ball path.

  1. Player A starts the rally with a soft feed crosscourt.
  2. Player B volleys down the line; Player A volleys crosscourt.
  3. Both players shuffle to cover the alternating forehand and backhand volleys.
  4. Switch roles every 2-3 minutes; count rally length.

Coaching cues

  • Racquet out in front between every ball
  • Small split step each time
  • Control direction with the face, not the arm

Common mistakes

  • Taking a backswing as pace increases
  • Standing flat-footed instead of shuffling

Progression: Move closer to the net and increase pace, or require each volley to land beyond the service line.

Coach's note: The figure-8 pattern forces forehand and backhand volleys in rhythm. It's a classic for good reason: it trains hands and feet together.

Open printable drill page →

VolleyIntermediate

Approach and Volley

Train the full transition from baseline to net: approach, split, volley, overhead.

  • Players2
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Player starts at the baseline center. Feeder stands at the opposite baseline with a basket.

  1. Feeder hits a short ball landing near the service line.
  2. Player moves in and approaches down the line.
  3. Player follows the line of the ball and split steps as the feeder makes contact.
  4. Feeder sends a passing ball; player volleys into the open court.
  5. Feeder lobs; player turns and hits an overhead, then returns to the baseline.

Coaching cues

  • Approach down the line, follow the ball
  • Split as the feeder hits, wherever you are
  • Close forward after the first volley

Common mistakes

  • Stopping to watch the approach in no-man's land
  • Overhitting the approach shot

Progression: After the feed, play the point out live; the feeder may pass or lob.

Coach's note: The transition is the most neglected area of the club game. A modest approach plus solid net coverage wins more than a huge approach without follow-through.

Open printable drill page →

OverheadBeginner

Overhead Turn and Point

Build the turn, pointing arm and footwork that make overheads reliable.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Player stands at the net in the ready position. Feeder stands at the service line and tosses lobs by hand.

  1. Feeder tosses a lob 2-3 steps behind the player.
  2. Player turns sideways, lifts the racquet behind the head and points the free hand at the ball.
  3. Player shuffles back and catches the ball with the free hand above and in front of the head.
  4. After 10 catches, hit overheads with the same preparation.

Coaching cues

  • Turn first, then move
  • Point at the ball with your free hand
  • Get behind the ball so contact is in front

Common mistakes

  • Backpedaling while facing the net
  • Lifting the racquet late

Progression: Feeder tosses deeper lobs; player uses a crossover step to move back.

Coach's note: Most framed overheads are footwork problems, not swing problems. The catch makes that obvious.

Open printable drill page →

OverheadIntermediate

Touch the Net Overheads

Build repeatable overheads with recovery to the net between each.

  • Players2
  • Time12 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 2 cones as targets
How to run this drill

Setup: Player starts at the net. Feeder stands at the opposite baseline with a basket. Place cones in the deuce and ad corners as targets.

  1. Player touches the net tape with the racquet.
  2. Feeder lobs over the player's head toward the service line.
  3. Player turns, moves back, and smashes to a target cone.
  4. Player immediately runs forward to touch the net again. Repeat 8-10 balls.

Coaching cues

  • Turn and shuffle or crossover back
  • Free hand up as your sighting device
  • Place it, don't kill it

Common mistakes

  • Backpedaling
  • Letting the ball drift behind the head

Progression: Feeder varies lob depth and direction; add a live point after each smash.

Coach's note: Sets of overheads build conditioning too, so keep sets short and quality high.

Open printable drill page →

OverheadAdvanced

Scissor Kick Smash

Handle deep lobs with a jumping scissor-kick overhead.

  • Players2
  • Time12 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Player starts a few feet from the net. Feeder at the opposite baseline hits deep, high lobs.

  1. Feeder lobs deep toward the player's service line.
  2. Player turns and moves back with crossover steps.
  3. Player pushes off the right (back) foot, rotates in the air, and makes contact.
  4. Player lands on the left foot, then recovers forward.

Coaching cues

  • Turn early and get behind the ball
  • Explode up off the back foot
  • Legs switch in the air, land balanced

Common mistakes

  • Jumping before getting behind the ball
  • Leaning back instead of reaching up

Progression: Feeder alternates short and deep lobs; player must choose whether to jump.

Coach's note: Use this only once the standing overhead is solid. The landing should be controlled and balanced.

Open printable drill page →

SliceIntermediate

Low Slice Rally

Develop a low, penetrating backhand slice that stays under the opponent's strike zone.

  • Players2
  • Time12 min
  • EquipmentRope or string about 2 ft above the net (optional), basket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Both players at the ad-side baseline. Optional rope stretched about 2 feet above the tape as a 'ceiling'.

  1. Rally backhand slice crosscourt only.
  2. Every ball must clear the net but stay below the rope or imagined ceiling.
  3. Balls landing short of the service line count as errors.
  4. Play to 15 points, then switch to forehand slices.

Coaching cues

  • Start the racquet above the ball
  • Swing forward more than down
  • Hold the finish with the face slightly open

Common mistakes

  • Chopping steeply down so the ball floats
  • Rotating the shoulders open too early

Progression: Allow topspin after three slices to practice changing spin and pace.

Coach's note: A skidding slice is one of the best tools against players with extreme grips who love high balls.

Open printable drill page →

SliceAdvanced

Slice Approach and Close

Approach the net behind a low slice and win the point at the net.

  • Players2
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Player at the baseline center. Feeder at the opposite baseline with a basket.

  1. Feeder hits a short, low ball to the player's backhand.
  2. Player moves in and hits a slice approach down the line.
  3. Player follows the line of the ball and split steps at the service line.
  4. Play the point out live.

Coaching cues

  • Stay low through the shot
  • Keep moving forward through contact
  • Split before the first volley

Common mistakes

  • Slicing high so the passer gets a comfortable ball
  • Stopping to admire the approach

Progression: Feed short balls to both sides so the player must choose topspin or slice approaches.

Coach's note: A slice approach stays low and forces the passer to hit up, giving you an easier first volley.

Open printable drill page →

SliceIntermediate

Drop Shot Touch

Develop the touch and disguise needed for an effective drop shot.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 4 cones
How to run this drill

Setup: Use cones to mark a target zone from the net to about 6 feet back. Feeder stands at the opposite baseline.

  1. Feeder hits a medium-paced ball landing near the player's service line.
  2. Player prepares exactly like a slice, then hits a soft drop shot into the zone.
  3. Player follows the ball forward to cover the reply.
  4. Rotate after 10 balls; score the ones landing in the zone.

Coaching cues

  • Same preparation as your slice
  • Soft hands and an open face
  • Follow it in

Common mistakes

  • Hitting from behind the baseline
  • Too much pace, so the ball lands deep

Progression: Play points where the drop shot is allowed only off a short ball.

Coach's note: Drop shots work from inside the court. From behind the baseline the ball has too far to travel.

Open printable drill page →

FootworkAdvanced

Spider Run

Develop explosive change of direction and deceleration over tennis-specific distances.

  • Players1
  • Time10 min
  • Equipment5 balls, a racquet, stopwatch
How to run this drill

Setup: Place a ball at each corner of the singles court, plus one at the T on the service line. Lay a racquet face-up at the center mark of the baseline.

  1. Start at the center mark.
  2. Sprint to the first ball, pick it up and return it to the racquet.
  3. Repeat for all five balls, in a set order.
  4. Record your time; rest 90 seconds and repeat 2-3 times.

Coaching cues

  • Low center of gravity at each turn
  • Decelerate with small steps
  • Explosive first step out of each turn

Common mistakes

  • Standing tall while turning
  • Overrunning the balls

Progression: Hold racquet in hand and shadow a swing at each ball instead of picking it up.

Coach's note: Educational, not medical advice. Warm up thoroughly first and stop if you feel pain.

Open printable drill page →

FootworkBeginner

Shadow Swings With Footwork

Rehearse split step, movement, stroke and recovery as one pattern without a ball.

  • Players1
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentRacquet
How to run this drill

Setup: Stand at the center mark of the baseline in the ready position.

  1. Split step.
  2. Shuffle or crossover to the forehand side and shadow a full forehand.
  3. Recover to the center with shuffles and split step again.
  4. Repeat to the backhand. Do 3 sets of 10.

Coaching cues

  • Split, turn, swing, recover
  • Small adjustment steps before the swing
  • Hold every finish for one beat

Common mistakes

  • Rushing through the pattern
  • Skipping the recovery

Progression: Add forward movement for short balls and volleys and backward movement for overheads.

Coach's note: Shadowing is free repetition. A few minutes a day sharpens movement and stroke shape.

Open printable drill page →

FootworkIntermediate

Crossover Recovery

Train the crossover step to reach wide balls and recover efficiently.

  • Players2
  • Time12 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, 2 cones
How to run this drill

Setup: Feeder at the net with a basket. Player at the center mark. Place a cone 2 feet to either side of the center mark as the recovery zone.

  1. Feeder hits a ball wide to the forehand.
  2. Player turns, crosses over and hits crosscourt.
  3. Player pushes off the outside leg, crosses over once and shuffles back to the cones.
  4. Split step in the zone. Repeat 10 times on each side.

Coaching cues

  • Crossover first for distance
  • Push off the outside leg to recover
  • Split as the feeder hits

Common mistakes

  • Using only small shuffles to chase a wide ball
  • Watching the shot before recovering

Progression: Feed randomly to either side so the player can't anticipate.

Coach's note: Efficient recovery is what lets you keep winning long rallies.

Open printable drill page →

FootworkAll Levels

Ladder Split-Step Reaction

Develop fast feet and a well-timed split step and first move.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentAgility ladder (or chalk lines), balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Agility ladder lying along the baseline. Partner stands a few feet in front of the end of the ladder holding a ball in each hand at shoulder height.

  1. Player does a quick-feet ladder pattern (two feet in each square).
  2. At the end, partner drops one ball.
  3. Player split steps and sprints to catch it after one bounce.
  4. Repeat 10 times with different ladder patterns.

Coaching cues

  • Light, quick feet
  • Split when the partner drops
  • Explosive first step toward the ball

Common mistakes

  • Looking down at the ladder at the end
  • Slow reaction to the drop

Progression: Partner stands further back or only drops after a fake.

Coach's note: Fast feet and reaction speed transfer directly to court coverage.

Open printable drill page →

StrategyAll Levels

King of the Court

Play competitive points under pressure and practice sound decision-making.

  • PlayersGroup
  • Time20 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: One player (or doubles team) starts on the 'king' side. Challengers line up behind the baseline on the other side. Coach feeds from the side of the king's court.

  1. Coach feeds a ball to the challenger to start the point.
  2. If the challenger wins, they run to the king side; if not, they go to the back of the line.
  3. Only points won on the king side score.
  4. Play for a set time; the player with the most points wins.

Coaching cues

  • Play percentage tennis
  • Build the point before you go for it
  • Reset between points

Common mistakes

  • Going for winners off the first ball
  • Rushing between points

Progression: Play doubles king of the court, or start points with a serve.

Coach's note: Pressure reveals which skills are truly learned. Watch for the shot choices players make when they want to stay on the king side.

Open printable drill page →

StrategyAdvanced

Serve +1 Pattern

Practice planning the serve and the first shot after it as a pair.

  • Players2
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls, cones for targets
How to run this drill

Setup: Server at the baseline. Returner at the opposite baseline. Cones mark a wide target in the service box.

  1. Server serves wide in the deuce court.
  2. Returner returns.
  3. Server hits the +1 forehand into the open court.
  4. Play out the point; repeat 10 times and switch patterns.

Coaching cues

  • Plan the serve and +1 before the ritual
  • Recover inside the baseline after the serve
  • Hit to the open court

Common mistakes

  • Not having a plan
  • Hitting the +1 back to the returner

Progression: Add T serve plus behind-the-runner and body serve plus inside-out forehand patterns.

Coach's note: Patterns turn the serve into a two-shot weapon. Plan them before the point.

Open printable drill page →

StrategyIntermediate

Two-Ball Short-Ball Attack

Recognize short balls and attack them with control.

  • Players2
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Feeder at the opposite baseline with a basket. Player at the baseline.

  1. Feeder hits a deep rally ball.
  2. Player rallies it back crosscourt.
  3. Feeder hits a short ball near the service line.
  4. Player moves in, approaches down the line and follows in to volley.

Coaching cues

  • Recognize short early
  • Take the ball at the top of the bounce
  • Follow it in

Common mistakes

  • Overhitting the approach
  • Retreating to the baseline after attacking

Progression: Play the point out live after the second feed.

Coach's note: Short balls are opportunities. Learn to see them early and move forward on them.

Open printable drill page →

DoublesIntermediate

Australian Doubles

Learn the Australian formation to take away crosscourt returns.

  • Players3-4
  • Time20 min
  • EquipmentBalls
How to run this drill

Setup: Server's partner stands at the net on the same side of the court as the server. Two returners or one returner with a partner on the other side.

  1. Server serves from close to the center mark.
  2. Partner stays on the same side, covering the crosscourt return.
  3. Server moves to cover the open (down-the-line) side after serving.
  4. Play out the points, then rotate.

Coaching cues

  • Communicate before every point
  • Server moves immediately to the open side
  • Net player looks for the crosscourt return

Common mistakes

  • Server staying in place after serving
  • Leaving the middle open

Progression: Combine with the I-formation and signals.

Coach's note: The Australian formation forces the returner to change direction. Use it against an opponent who loves the crosscourt return.

Open printable drill page →

DoublesAdvanced

Poach and Signal

Practice poaching with hand signals and coordinated coverage.

  • Players3-4
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBalls
How to run this drill

Setup: Server, net partner and one or two returners.

  1. Net player gives a hand signal behind the back: open hand to poach, fist to stay.
  2. Server serves.
  3. Net player poaches diagonally forward or stays.
  4. Server covers the open side.

Coaching cues

  • Move diagonally forward
  • Go when the returner commits
  • Server switches on a poach

Common mistakes

  • Poaching too early
  • Server not covering the gap

Progression: Add fake poaches to confuse returners.

Coach's note: Even unsuccessful poaches make returners nervous.

Open printable drill page →

DoublesIntermediate

Two Up vs. Two Back

Practice volleying as a team and defending with lobs.

  • Players3-4
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBalls
How to run this drill

Setup: Team A at the net; team B at the baseline.

  1. Feed from the baseline to start the point.
  2. Play out the point.
  3. Rotate after 10 points.

Coaching cues

  • Move as a unit
  • Volley down to the feet
  • Lob over the net team

Common mistakes

  • Partners splitting apart
  • Hitting up to the net team

Progression: Team B may approach to the net.

Coach's note: Teams that move together like they're tied by a rope win more doubles points.

Open printable drill page →

DoublesBeginner

Middle Ball Communication

Learn who takes the middle ball and how to communicate.

  • Players3-4
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBalls
How to run this drill

Setup: Two players at the baseline. Feeder at the net.

  1. Feeder hits balls to the middle.
  2. Players call 'mine' or 'yours'.
  3. Hit and recover to position.
  4. Rotate.

Coaching cues

  • Call early
  • Forehand usually takes it
  • Trust your partner

Common mistakes

  • Both players going for the ball
  • No call

Progression: Play points with balls down the middle.

Coach's note: Clear calls prevent collisions.

Open printable drill page →

FitnessAll Levels

Around the World

Fun group conditioning game that also rewards consistency.

  • PlayersGroup
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentBasket of balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Split the group into two lines at opposite baselines. Coach feeds the first ball.

  1. The first player hits the ball crosscourt and runs counterclockwise to the back of the opposite line.
  2. The next player in line on the other side returns the ball, then runs.
  3. Miss and you're out.
  4. When two players remain, play a short tiebreak.

Coaching cues

  • Hit safe, then run
  • Keep the rally going
  • Stay alert in line

Common mistakes

  • Hitting too hard
  • Running into the court

Progression: Add rules: crosscourt only, or backhands only.

Coach's note: Great for group sessions. Keep it fun and safe.

Open printable drill page →

FitnessAdvanced

Interval Court Sprints

Build tennis-specific anaerobic conditioning.

  • Players1
  • Time15 min
  • EquipmentCourt lines, stopwatch
How to run this drill

Setup: Start at the doubles sideline.

  1. Sprint to the singles sideline, center line, far singles sideline and far doubles sideline, touching each line and returning to start each time.
  2. Rest 30-45 seconds.
  3. Repeat 6-8 times.

Coaching cues

  • Low turns
  • Explosive starts
  • Controlled breathing during rest

Common mistakes

  • Rest periods too long or too short
  • Upright turns

Progression: Reduce rest time gradually.

Coach's note: Educational, not medical advice. Check with a doctor before beginning intense exercise.

Open printable drill page →

FitnessIntermediate

Medicine Ball Rotational Throws

Build rotational power for groundstrokes.

  • Players1
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentMedicine ball (2-4 kg), a solid wall
How to run this drill

Setup: Stand sideways to a wall, about 3 feet away, in a forehand stance.

  1. Load into the back hip with the ball at hip height.
  2. Rotate the hips and shoulders to throw the ball into the wall.
  3. Catch and repeat.
  4. 10 reps each side, 2-3 sets.

Coaching cues

  • Hips first, then shoulders
  • Arms stay long
  • Stay balanced

Common mistakes

  • Arm-only throwing
  • Rounded back

Progression: Add a step into the throw.

Coach's note: Educational, not medical advice.

Open printable drill page →

KidsBeginner

Hand-Ball Catch

Teach young players ages 5-10 to track the ball, move their feet and catch after a bounce.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentRed low-compression balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Partners stand facing each other on a short court or across a line, about 10 feet apart.

  1. Partner tosses the ball underhand so it bounces once.
  2. Player moves and catches after one bounce, with two hands at first.
  3. Count catches in a row as a team.
  4. Progress to one hand, then to catching with the hitting hand only.

Coaching cues

  • Watch the ball
  • Soft hands
  • Move your feet to the ball

Common mistakes

  • Grabbing at the ball
  • Standing still and reaching

Progression: Catch the ball with a cone or after it bounces over a low line.

Coach's note: For ages 5-10, catching games build the tracking and footwork that make hitting easy later.

Open printable drill page →

KidsAll Levels

Wall Rally Challenge

Build consistency, footwork and ball control.

  • Players1
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentWall, low-compression balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Stand 10-15 feet from a wall. Use red or orange balls for kids.

  1. Hit gently against the wall.
  2. Count consecutive hits.
  3. Try to beat your record.

Coaching cues

  • Ready position
  • Contact in front
  • Recover after each hit

Common mistakes

  • Hitting too hard
  • Standing still

Progression: Alternate forehand and backhand.

Coach's note: The wall never misses. It's a great place for kids to practice.

Open printable drill page →

KidsBeginner

Traffic Light

Fun movement and reaction game for ages 5-8 that builds balance and listening.

  • PlayersGroup
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentThree colored cones or cards (red, yellow, green), racquets and balls
How to run this drill

Setup: Kids stand on the baseline, each balancing a ball on their racquet strings.

  1. Coach holds up green: kids walk or jog forward balancing the ball.
  2. Yellow: kids slow down and walk carefully.
  3. Red: kids stop and freeze in a ready position.
  4. Anyone who drops the ball goes back to the baseline.

Coaching cues

  • Watch the coach
  • Soft hands
  • Balanced ready position on red

Common mistakes

  • Running too fast
  • Not watching the signal

Progression: Add side shuffles or split steps as commands.

Coach's note: Great for ages 5-8. Keep it moving and keep score loosely.

Open printable drill page →

KidsBeginner

Balloon Tennis

Develop hand-eye coordination with a slow-moving 'ball'.

  • Players2
  • Time10 min
  • EquipmentBalloon, short racquets
How to run this drill

Setup: Two players with racquets and a balloon in an open space.

  1. Hit the balloon gently back and forth.
  2. Keep it in the air.
  3. Count the number of hits in a row.
  4. Try forehand and backhand.

Coaching cues

  • Watch the balloon
  • Soft hands
  • Move feet under it

Common mistakes

  • Swinging too hard
  • Not moving

Progression: Switch to a red ball with a bounce.

Coach's note: Perfect for ages 5-7. The balloon's slow speed makes success easy.

Open printable drill page →

How to use the library: Pick one technical drill, one live-ball or pattern drill and one footwork or fitness drill per session. Run each for 10–15 minutes and log what you learned in your Tennis Journal.

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